`<footer>` HTML footer element

The <footer> HTML element represents a footer for its nearest ancestor sectioning content or sectioning root element. A <footer> typically contains information about the author of the section, copyright data or links to related documents.

Try it

<article>
  <h1>How to be a wizard</h1>
  <ol>
    <li>Grow a long, majestic beard.</li>
    <li>Wear a tall, pointed hat.</li>
    <li>Have I mentioned the beard?</li>
  </ol>
  <footer>
    <p>© 2018 Gandalf</p>
  </footer>
</article>

article {
  min-height: 100%;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
}

footer {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 5px;
  background-color: #45a1ff;
  color: white;
}

Attributes

This element only includes the global attributes.

Usage notes

Enclose information about the author in an <address> element that can be included into the <footer> element.
When the nearest ancestor sectioning content or sectioning root element is the body element the footer applies to the whole page.
The <footer> element is not sectioning content and therefore doesn't introduce a new section in the outline.

Accessibility

Prior to the release of Safari 13, the contentinfo landmark role was not properly exposed by VoiceOver. If needing to support legacy Safari browsers, add role="contentinfo" to the footer element to ensure the landmark will be properly exposed.

Related: WebKit Bugzilla: 146930 – AX: HTML native elements (header, footer, main, aside, nav) should work the same as ARIA landmarks, sometimes they don't

Examples

html

<body>
  <h3>FIFA World Cup top goalscorers</h3>
  <ol>
    <li>Miroslav Klose, 16</li>
    <li>Ronaldo Nazário, 15</li>
    <li>Gerd Müller, 14</li>
  </ol>

  <footer>
    <small>
      Copyright © 2023 Football History Archives. All Rights Reserved.
    </small>
  </footer>
</body>

css

footer {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 5px;
  background-color: #abbaba;
  color: black;
}

Technical summary

Content categories	Flow content, palpable content.
Permitted content	Flow content, but with no `<footer>` or `<header>` descendants.
Tag omission	None, both the starting and ending tag are mandatory.
Permitted parents	Any element that accepts flow content. Note that a `<footer>` element must not be a descendant of an `<address>`, `<header>` or another `<footer>` element.
Implicit ARIA role	contentinfo, or generic if a descendant of an article, aside, main, nav or section element, or an element with `article`, `complementary`, `main`, `navigation` or `region` role
Permitted ARIA roles	`group`, `presentation` or `none`
DOM interface	`HTMLElement`

Specifications

HTML

<footer> HTML footer element